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Posts Tagged ‘teorine’

Présentation de la structure moléculaire de la Kératine:

 

La kératine est une protéine fibreuse.

Une protéine est un assemblage d’ acides aminés selon 1 ordre , 1 position et 1 classement bien précis. C’est un ensemble de polymères naturels contenant des chaînes polypeptidiques, résultant de la condensation d’ acide animé.

Un acide animé est un corps qui contient dans sa molécule une double fonction:

  1. Fonction d’ acide carboxylique(COOH)
  2. Fonction d’aminé (NH2) 

Formule générale des aminés acides

 

                           COOH
                           #
                      #
                 #
R-CH#
                #
                     #
                           #
                            NH2

Dans le cheveu 18 acides aminés sont présents

 

Identification des 18 acides Aminés du cheveu

acrydique: a) Monoacide= 1 fois acide 1F= COOH
Mono aminé=1 fois aminé 1F=NH2

1)glycocolle 4%

                             COOH
                            #
                    #
              #
CH2#
              #
                      #
                           #
                                  NH2

2)aniline 2.5 % à 3.5%

  

                                             COOH
                                       #
                               #
                         #
CH3-CH#
                        #
                               #
                                      #
                                           NH2

  

3)valine 5 % à 5.8%

  

 
                                CH3                             COOH
                                        #                          #
                                         #                    #
                                            CH-CH#
                                        #                     #
                                   #                             #
                          CH3                                  NH2

4)leucine 6.4 % à 6.9%

                            CH3                                           COOH
                                     #                                       #
                                       #                                #
                                          CH-CH2-CH#
                                       #                             #
                                   #                                    #
                             CH3                                      NH2

 

5)  isoleucine 2.3 % à 2.5%

 

                           CH3-CH2             COOH
                                         #                  #
                                            #             #
                                         CH-CH#
                                            #             #
                                         #                  #
                           CH3                           NH2

 

6)SERINE 9.6 % à 10.8%

 

                                                                           COOH
                                                                            #
                                                                        #
                                        OH-CH2-CH#
                                                                       #
                                                                            #
                                                                               NH2

 

7) theorine 6.5% à 7.5%

 

                                                                                                      COOH
                                                                                                   #
                                                                                                #
                                                                CH3-CH-CH#
                                                                            OH           #
                                                                                                #
                                                                                                   NH2

OH= aromatique (benzène)

8)  phénylalanine 2.2% à2.8%

                                      COOH
                                     #
                               #
                        #
CH2-CH#
                           #
                                #
                                         #
                                                  NH2

9)tyrosine 2.1 % à 2.7%

                                                                       COOH
                                                                  #

                                                         #
                                                  #
OH_____CH2-CH#
                                                   #
                                                          #
                                                                      #
                                                                                  NH2

10)tyrosine 2.1 % à 2.7%

                                                                       COOH
                                                                  #

                                                         #
                                                  #
I_____CH2-CH#
                                                   #
                                                          #
                                                                      #
                                                                                  NH2

11)proline 7%à7.8%

  

             CH2______CH2
                                            #

                                                 #
                                                    #
                                           CH-COOH
                                                    #
                                                #
                                            #
               CH2_____NH2

 

B)   di acides                        mono aminés

2fois acide                           1 fois aminé

2 fois —COOH                   1 fois——-NH2

 

12) acide aspartique:aspartic5.6%à6.6%

                                                         COOH(co2h)
                                                                  #

                                                         #
                                                  #
          (CO2H)COOH-CH2-CH#
                                                   #
                                                          #
                                                               #
                                                                        NH2

13) acide glutamique:  glutamic 14.3%à 15.5%

 

                                                                                 COOH
                                                                                 #

                                                                            #
                                                                        #
NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH#
                                                                      #
                                                                          #
                                                                                #
                                                                                  NH2

 

14)lysine2.6%à 3.1%

 

                                                                                 COOH
                                                                                 #

                                                                             #
     NH                                                              #
C-NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH#
     NH                                                               #
                                                                             #
                                                                                 #
                                                                                   NH2

15)ARGININE 8.8%à 9.6%

  

                                                                                 COOH
                                                                                 #

                                                                             #
     NH                                                              #
C-NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH#
     NH2                                                            #
                                                                             #
                                                                                 #
                                                                                   NH2

16)Histidine 0.8%à 1.1%

  

                                                                                 COOH
                                                                                 #

                                                                             #
    ____                                                           #
__________________-CH2-CH#
     NH2                                                            #
                                                                             #
                                                                                 #
                                                                                   NH2

17)Cystine 14% à 16%

S=SOUFRE

  

                                COOH                                                   COOH
                                         #                                                       #
                                            #                                             #
                                         CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH#
                                            #                                                 #
                                         #                                                             #
                           NH2                                                                     NH2

 

18)Méthionine 0.5% à 0.9% 

                                                                                      COOH
                                                                                    #
                                                                                #
                                                                            #
                          CH3-SCH2–CH2-CH#
                                                                             #
                                                                                #
                                                                                    #
                                                                                        NH2

 

III  Cohésion de la Kératine

 

Les liaisons  salines ( interactions coulombiennes)

 

Elles s’obtiennent par neutralisation de l’ acide carboxylique et d’ une amibe.

Action= COOH sur NH2

Chaque acide aminé renferme plusieurs groupement, capables de réagir les uns , par rapport aux autres d’ ou la liaison saline.

Cette liaison n’ est pas stable , pas solide et peut-etre détachée .

L’ acide aminé de départ, sera reformé, par fixation d’ eau .

Les liaisons cystines

 

 Elles sont plus solides , plus sensibles aux produits chimiques comme les produits reducteurs.Elles ont pour particularité d’ attacher les fibres dans le sens lateral

Lorsqu’un wagon de soufre d’ une fibre se trouve face a un wagon de soufre d’ une autre fibre , une fonction s’ opére:

-Les ponts disulfurés =ponts face a face = raide

- ponts décalés= ondulés.

Elles se créent entre les atomes d’ oxygene et les atomes d’ hydrogene , des groupementsCO et NH de l’enchainement polyseptidique.

-Liaisons rompues par l’ eau.